DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY GUIDELINES & CASES

SYSTEM ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

  • The producer/provider uses digital channels to offer information/guidance services for purchase and care, e.g. repair and care instructions Global learning community for creators – Skillshare; Repair & WornWear services – Patagonia
  • The producer/provider creates partnerships with locally-based service providers, with all-inclusive maintenance, repair, upgrade, end-of-life collection/valorisation etc.
  • The producer/provider creates partnerships with locally-based acknowledged suppliers of resources for the product/infrastructure pre-production, production and care, e.g. local material and energy suppliers Local manufacturing of global furniture design – Open Desk; Producer to Customer business model – Arknit
  • The developer/designer creates partnerships with product/infrastructure manufacturers for local delivery (e.g. a decentralised manufacturers network)
  • Merge the product/infrastructure offer with all-inclusive services or support for their on-site assembly. Assembly furniture at home model – Ikea
  • The producer/provider creates partnerships with retailers and other stakeholders to reduce/avoid packaging, either tertiary, secondary or primary Unpackaged products “on tap” – Negozio Leggero
  • The producer/provider creates partnerships to reduce or avoid transportation/packaging of semi-finished products, e.g. partnerships with component suppliers and manufacturers 
  • Merge the product/semi-finished product with an all-inclusive service for its transportation to optimise distribution
  • Offer products with reusable/returnable packaging. Unpackaged products “on tap” – Negozio Leggero
  • Offer remote support and status monitoring of activities and interventions to be carried out on-site by the user, e.g. maintenance, repair, upgrade, end-of-life collection/valorisation

SYSTEM SOCIAL EQUITY AND COHESION

IMPROVE EMPLOYMENT AND WORKING CONDITIONS

Vehicles micro-factories and co-creation – Local Motors; 3D printing and scanning service – Lowe’s

  • Avoid/eliminate forced and underage work.
  • Avoid/eliminate all forms of discrimination in the workplace.
  • Provide freedom of association and right to collective negotiation.
  • Improve the health and safety of workers.
  • Define and adopt tools, standards and certification of social responsibility for the enterprises/organizations.
  • Guarantee that wages are fair and adequate to the number of working hours (in the whole value chain).
  • Guarantee adequate number of working hours.
  • Offer a workplace that is adequate to employees’ capacities and needs.
  • Guarantee continuous development and training for workers.
  • Avoid alienation and keep employees engaged and ambitious
  • Involve workers/employers in decision making processes.
  • Create a working climate that takes into consideration innovations suggested by workers.
  • Collaborate with colleagues to offer good working conditions in the whole value chain.
IMPROVE EQUITY AND JUSTICE IN RELATION TO STAKEHOLDERS
  • Support and involve partners in low and middle-income contexts.
  • Support and involve partners active in social activities.
  • Involve organizations engaged in the diffusion of social equity standards.
  • Promote and facilitate knowledge exchange between partners and stakeholders.
  • Offer stakeholders adequate information flow.
  • Increase stakeholders’ productive capacity.
  • Join and support fair trade activities/development aid activities.
  • Promote cooperation and projects in low and middle-income contexts.
  • Consider stakeholders’ expectations and address suppliers/subcontractors needs and interests.
  • Involve supplier, subcontractors and sub-suppliers in the design (and decision making) processes.
  • Require other companies that take part in the value chain to safeguard working conditions as well as health and safety.
  • Promote/require the adoption of social certification systems by suppliers, subcontractors and sub-suppliers.
  • Define and/or adopt standards and tools to certify companies’ social and ethical practises.
  • Offer products and services which guarantee the health and safety of clients/final users
  • Promote products and services that improve health and safety and reduce discrimination and marginalisation
  • Verify that the offer doesn’t have any rebound effects
  • Promote and enhance the quality and accessibility of common goods
  • Support democratic structures through the system to be offered
ENABLING AND PROMOTING REPONSIBLE AND SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION
FAVOUR AND INTEGRATE LOW-INCOME, WEAKER AND MARGINALIZED
EMPOWER AND ENHANCE LOCAL RESOURCES
IMPROVE SOCIAL COHESION

SYSTEM DISTRIBUTED SUSTAINABILITY (S.PSS & DE)

  • Complement the “DE” hardware offer, with FINANCIAL SERVICES to support initial investment and eventual maintenance and repairing costs, i.e. micro-credit, crowd funding, donation. Microcredit system – Grameen Bank
  • Complement the “DE” hardware offer, with support services for the DESIGN and/or INSTALLATION of its components (i.e. DRE: the micro generator, the storage, the inverter, the wiring, etc). Solar panels self-building courses – Tattle group; Open-source prototyping platform – Arduino.
  • Complement the “DE” hardware offer, with support services during use, i.e. MAINTENANCE, REPAIRING and UPGRADING of its components. Affordable and sustainable energy solutions – Bboxx
  • Complement the “DE” hardware offer, with support services for the END-OF LIFE TREATMENT of its components.
  • Complement the “DE” hardware offer, with support services TO ENABLE the customer to either DESIGN OR PRODUCE WITH THEIR DE hardware, SHARE their “DE” hardware, SELL/PROVIDE their production, PROVIDE SERVICES through their “DE” hardware.
  • The PROVIDER/S complements an ownerless offer of the “DE” system with TRAINING/INFORMATION services TO ENABLE the customer to DESIGN the “DE” HARDWARE / its COMPONENTS. Learn to build own passive houses – Earthship
  • The PROVIDER/S complements an ownerless offer of the “DE” system with TRAINING/INFORMATION services TO ENABLE the customer to MAINTAIN, REPAIR one or more “DE” HARDWARE / its COMPONENTS. Solar-powered kiosk – Solarkiosk.
  • The PROVIDER/S complements an ownerless offer of the “DE” system with TRAINING/INFORMATION services TO ENABLE the customer to INSTALL one or more DE HARDWARE / its COMPONENTS.
  • The PROVIDER/S complements an ownerless offer of the “DE” system with TRAINING/INFORMATION services TO ENABLE the customer to UPGRADE one or more “DE” HARDWARE / its COMPONENTS.
  • The PROVIDER/S complements an ownerless offer of the “DE” system with TRAINING/INFORMATION services TO ENABLE the customer to USE-OPTIMIZATION of one or more “DE” HARDWARE / its COMPONENTS. Access to manufacturing tools – Techshop
  • The PROVIDER complements an ownerless offer of the “DE” system with services TO ENABLE the customer to either DESIGN, PRODUCE WITH THEIR DE hardware, SHARE their “DE” hardware, sell/provide their production, provide services through their “DE” hardware. Service platform for food startups – Kitchentown.
  • The PROVIDER/S complements an ownerless offer of the “DE” system with support services to DESIGN the “DE” HARDWARE / its COMPONENTS. Energy solutions for telecommunication companies – OMC power
  • The PROVIDER/S complements an ownerless offer of the “DE” system with support services to MAINTAIN, REPAIR one or more “DE” HARDWARE / its COMPONENTS. 
  • The PROVIDER/S complements an ownerless offer of the “DE” system with support services to INSTALL one or more “DE” HARDWARE / its COMPONENTS. Solar home systems electricity supply – Off-grid
  • The PROVIDER/S complements an ownerless offer of the “DE” system with support services to UPGRADE one or more “DE” HARDWARE / its COMPONENTS. Patent for pay-as-you-go – Microsoft
  • The PROVIDER/S complements an ownerless offer of the “DE” system with support services for the USE-OPTIMIZATION of one or more “DE” HARDWARE / its COMPONENTS.
  • The PROVIDER/S complements an ownerless offer of the “DE” system with support to either DESIGN, PRODUCE WITH THEIR DE hardware, SHARE their “DE” hardware, SELL/PROVIDE their production, PROVIDE SERVICES through their “DE” hardware.

CLOTHING SYSTEM ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

  • Clothing producer/provider uses digital channels to offer information/guidance services for clothing purchase and care, e.g. virtual fitting rooms, repair and care instructions Repair & WornWear services – Patagonia
  • Clothing producer/provider creates partnerships with locally-based clothing care service providers, with all-inclusive maintenance, repair, upgrade, end-of-life collection/valorisation etc.
  • Clothing producer/provider creates partnerships with locally-based acknowledged suppliers of resources for the clothing pre-production, production and care, e.g. local material and energy suppliers
  • Clothing developer/designer creates partnerships with clothing manufacturers for local delivery (e.g. a decentralised manufacturers network) Producer to customer business model – Artknit
  • Clothing producer/provider creates partnerships with clothes retailers and other stakeholders to reduce/avoid clothing packaging, either tertiary, secondary or primary
  • Clothing producer/provider creates partnerships to reduce or avoid transportation/packaging of semi-finished clothing products, e.g. partnerships with textile suppliers and manufacturers
  • Offer clothing products with reusable/returnable packaging Reusable Packaging – Repack
  • Offer remote support and status monitoring of activities and interventions to be carried out on-site by the user related to clothing care, e.g. maintenance, repair, upgrade, end-of-life collection/valorisation
  • Complement the supply of resources/semi-finished products/consumables related to the clothing system (energy, detergents, dying substances, etc.) with services for their optimal use
  • Offer access to clothing products or related infrastructures (enabling platform) through payment based on the unit of satisfaction, e.g. the use of a garment for a number of times/specific occasion Shared Sewing Spaces – Cosewing
  • Offer access to clothing products or clothing care infrastructures (enabling platform) through payment based on a fixed fee per given period of time
  • Offer access to clothing along with clothing care services to client/final user through payment based on the unit of satisfaction eGo, Brescia, Italy​ 
  • Provide resource saving technologies and practices to upgrade existing clothing related equipment where the investment is financed through subsequent resource savings
  • Offer collective use of clothing care infrastructures Self-service laundry – Ondablu
  • Outsource and/or offer activities when higher specialisation and technological efficiency of clothing products/infrastructures are available
  • Create partnerships to use/integrate/complement existing clothing system infrastructures, e.g. sewing or dyeing facilities
  • Outsource activities when higher scale economies are feasible along the clothing system
  • Complement the clothing system offer with services designed for their adaptation in the context of use aimed at resource optimisation for clothing production and care e.g. custom-designed drying solutions depending on local weather conditions
  • Complement clothing production and care with services designed for their adaptation to use in variations of resource requirements e.g. adaptive drying solutions depending on variable atmospheric conditions
  • Offer clothing products/accessories based on demand aimed at avoiding unsold inventory and/or surplus production Crownsourced Production – Gustin; On Demand Production – JCRT
  • Engage energy suppliers offering renewable energy or renewable energy systems (eventually locally installed) for the functioning of the various phases of the clothing system
  • Engage a material supplier to use renewable and bio-degradable materials in the clothing system ‘Cyclon’ shoe subscription – On running; Clothing with regenerated fibers – RIFO’ LAB
  • Engage energy suppliers offering the design, installation, maintenance, repair, etc. of on-site passive energy systems for the functioning of the clothing system’s various phases
  • Create partnerships that enable/increase the use of recycled materials in the clothing system from disposed products of other sectors
  • Create partnerships with other producers to reuse or recycle toxic/harmful by-products from the clothing system
  • Complement substances/semi-finished products or clothes with services that minimise/treat toxic or harmful emissions of processes along the clothing pre-production, production and use stages, e.g. full management service to monitor and treat ecotoxic outputs from washing processes Integrated Informative Labels – Zyosh
  • Complement toxic or harmful substances/semi-finished products for the clothing system with all-inclusive end-of-life treatments Cleaning cloth rental service – MEWA
  • Offer toxic management services to stakeholders of the clothing value production chain, through payment based on the unit of satisfaction, e.g. full management of pesticides

PRODUCT ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

MINIMISING MATERIALS CONSUMPTION
  • Design for more efficient consumption of operational materials Leafy green machine – Freight-farm
  • Design for more efficient supply of raw materials
  • Design for more efficient use of maintenance materials
  • Design systems for consumption of passive materials
  • Design for cascading recycling systems
  • Designing Materials Recovery Systems
  • Facilitate the user to reduce material consumption
  • Set the product’s default state at minimal materials consumption
  • Engage digital support systems with dynamic configuration
  • Design dynamic material consumption for different operational stages
  • Engage sensors to adjust materials consumption according to differentiated operational stages
  • Reduce resource consumption in the product’s default state
MINIMISING ENERGY CONSUMPTION
  • Select materials with low energy intensity
  • Select processing technologies with the lowest energy consumption possible
  • Engage efficient machinery
  • Use heat emitted in certain processes for preheating other process flows
  • Engage pump and motor speed regulators with dynamic configuration
  • Equip the machinery with intelligent power-off utilities
  • Optimise the overall dimensions of the engines
  • Facilitate engine maintenance
  • Define accurately the tolerance parameters
  • Optimise the volumes of required real estate
  • Optimise stocktaking systems
  • Optimise transportation systems and scale down the weight and dimensions of all transportable materials and semi-products
  • Engage efficient general heating, illumination and ventilation in buildings
  • Design products for collective use
  • Design for energy-efficient operational stages
  • Design for energy-efficient maintenance
  • Design systems for consumption of passive energy sources
  • Engage highly efficient energy conversion systems
  • Design/engage highly efficient engines
  • Design/engage highly efficient power transmission
  • Use highly caulked materials and technical components
  • Design for localised energy supply
  • Scale down the weight of transportable goods
  • Design energy recovery systems iRock power generating rocking chair – Micasa Lab; Energy recovery dancefloor – Energy floors
  • Design energy-saving systems 

Engage digital dynamic support systems

Design dynamic energy consumption systems for differentiated operational stages

Engage sensors to adjust consumption during differentiated operational stages

Equip machinery with intelligent power-off utilities

Program product default state at minimal energy consumption

  • Engage efficient workplace heating, illumination and ventilation
  • Engage digital tools for communicating with remote working sites
MINIMISING RESOURCES TOXICITY AND HARMFULNESS
OPTIMISING RESOURCES RENEWABILITY AND BIO-COMPATIBILITY
  • Use renewable energy resources Solar mower – Husqvarna
  • Engage the cascade approach
  • Select energy resources with high second-order efficiency
PRODUCT LIFESPAN OPTIMISATION
  • Design durable components, choosing materials and the appropriate ways to preserve performances in relationship with the foreseen usage conditions
  • Design components with co-extensive lifespan
  • Design lifespan of replaceable components according to scheduled duration
  • Select durable materials according to the product performance and lifespan
  • Avoid selecting durable materials for temporary products or components
  • Design and facilitate removal and substitution of easily expendable components
  • Design structural parts that can be easily separated from external/visible ones
  • Provide easier access to components to be re-manufactured
  • Calculate accurate tolerance parameters for easily expendable connections
  • Design for excessive use of material for easily deteriorating surfaces
EXTENDING THE LIFESPAN OF MATERIALS
  • Arrange and facilitate recycling of materials in components with lower mechanical requirements
  • Arrange and facilitate recycling of materials in components with lower aesthetical requirements
  • Arrange and facilitate energy recovery from materials throughout combustion
  • Select materials that easily recover its original performance characteristics after recycling
  • Avoid composite materials or, when necessary, choose easily recyclable ones
  • Engage geometrical solutions like ribbing to increase polymer stiffness instead of reinforcing fibres
  • Prefer thermoplastic polymers to thermosetting
  • Prefer heat-proof thermoplastic polymers to fireproof additives
  • Design considering the secondary use of the materials once recycled
  • Codify different materials to facilitate their identification Mirra chair – Herman Miller
  • Provide additional information about the material’s age, number of times re- cycled in the past and additives used
  • Indicate the existence of toxic or harmful materials
  • Use standardised materials identification systems
  • Arrange codifications in easily visible places
  • Avoid codifying after component production stages
  • Avoid unnecessary coating procedures
  • Avoid irremovable coating materials
  • Facilitate removal of contaminants
  • Use coating procedures that comply with coated materials
  • Avoid adhesives or choose ones that comply with materials to be recycled
  • Prefer the dyeing of internal polymers, rather than surface painting T2 Eco telemark boot – Scarpa
  • Avoid using additional materials for marking or codification
  • Mark and codify materials during moulding
  • Codify polymers using lasers
  • Select materials that degrade in the expected end-of-life environment
  • Avoid combining non-degradable materials with products that are going to be composted
  • Facilitate the separation of non-degradable materials
  • Select high energy materials for products that are going to be incinerated
  • Avoid materials that emit dangerous substances during incineration
  • Avoid additives that emit dangerous substances during incineration
  • Facilitate the separation of materials that would compromise the efficiency of combustion (with low energy value)
FACILITATING DISASSEMBLY

Leased flooring – Interface flooring system; CAB chair system – Cassina; Office chairs – Wilkhahn; Mirra chair – Herman Miller; Bloom recyclable laptop – Standford & Aalto university 

  • Avoid difficult-to-handle components
  • Avoid asymmetrical components, unless required
  • Design leaning surfaces and grabbing features in compliance with standards
  • Arrange leaning surfaces around the product’s centre of gravity
  • Design for easy centring on the component base
  • Avoid joining systems that require simultaneous interventions for opening
  • Minimise the overall number of fasteners ‘DRY’ collection of armchair and easy demountable tables – Giorgetti Matrix
  • Minimise the overall number of different fastener types (that demand different tools)
  • Avoid difficult-to-handle fasteners
  • Design accessible and recognisable entrances for dismantling
  • Design accessible and controllable dismantling points
  • Employ two-way snap-fit
  • Employ joints that are opened without tools Wristwatch – Alessi
  • Employ joints that are opened with common tools
  • Employ joints that are opened with special tools, when opening could be dangerous
  • Design joints made of materials that become reversible only in determined conditions Fastening screws made of polyurethane – Brunel university
  • Use screws with hexagonal heads
  • Prefer removable nuts and clips to self-tapping screws
  • Use screws made of materials compatible with joint components, to avoid their separation before recycling
  • Use self-tapping screws for polymers to avoid using metallic inserts
  •  Avoid rivets on incompatible materials
  • Avoid staples on incompatible materials
  • Avoid additional materials while welding
  • Weld with compatible materials
  • Prefer ultrasonic and vibration welding with polymers
  • Avoid gluing with adhesives
  • Employ easily removable adhesives
  • Design thin areas to enable the taking off of incompatible inserts, by pressurised demolition
  • Co-design cutting or breaking paths with appropriate separation technologies for incompatible materials separation Vertech 75 sky shoes – Nordica
  • Equip the product with a device to separate incompatible materials
  • Employ joining elements that allow their chemical or physical destruction Fueltank feature that facilitates its removal – Fiat
  • Make the breaking points easily accessible and recognisable
  • Provide the products with information for the user about the characteristics of crushing separation

FURNITURE PRODUCT ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

FURNITURE USE EXTENSION/INTENSIFICATION
  • Facilitate the removal and replacement of easy to wear-out parts, such as mechanisms and joints for movable parts, e.g. wheels or legs of seats, desks and storages.
  • Use universal standard elements for mechanisms and joints for movable parts.
  • Keep the same joints when changing furniture collections.
  • Facilitate the access to parts in order to simplify cleaning, avoiding narrow interspaces, slots and holes, e.g. by designing round internal edges of drawers and shelves for quick and easy cleaning. Natura office chair – Grammer
  • [seats] Properly cover chair mechanisms to prevent dust and dirt from accumulating and limiting their functioning, e.g. height adjustment mechanisms.
  • [desks] Properly cover desk height adjustment mechanisms to prevent dust and dirt from accumulating and limiting their functioning.
  • [storage] Install compensation boards at the top/bottom/side of storage furniture to avoid dust from getting under/on the top/side.
  • Consider using surfaces that are resistant to dust and dirt, such as sleek surfaces, dust/dirt-repellent surfaces or textiles.
  • Design products that allow maintenance with easily available tools, e.g. use screws with standard hexagonal heads in seats, desks and storage furniture.
  • Provide a maintenance kit for cleaning, such as customized brushes to clean (unavoidable) narrow interspaces, slots and holes or surface specific staining removal detergent for seats, desks and storage furniture.
  • Provide information on how to clean the product and multi-context maintenance tool kit.
  • Facilitate alternative cleaning solutions or more automatic cleaning systems, such as steam cleaning or UV solutions.
  • Reduce the need of maintenance operations/procedures, e.g. with textured seats cover to hide stains or with anti-dust surface treatments on seats, desk and storage products.
  • Design modular products to facilitate the substitution/cleaning of parts instead of substitution/cleaning of the entire product. The Klippan sofa – Ikea; Let it be modular sofa – Poltrona Frau; Vimle sofa – Ikea
  • Design reconfigurable furniture that is able to adapt to different spaces/situations, such as modular desk and storage structures that can be used for both the transformation of a given office space or for a new function (e.g. an individual working station that can be transformed into a collective one, and that can also be rearranged if the office moves to a new location). The Klippan sofa – Ikea; Hack table system – Vitra; Let it be modular sofa – Poltrona Frau; Vimle sofa – Ikea
  • Design family of products instead of single ones, with different properties and functions that enable adaptation. Modular furniture – Gispen
  • Include add-on parts to transform and/or upgrade function and properties of the furniture.
  • Design for changeable ergonomic positions, e.g. height adjustable desk and chairs.
  • Avoid premature aesthetic obsolescence by designing furniture that can be customized (e.g. exchangeable seat covers) or personalised with a corporate identity via software to avoid add-on brand identification operations (printing, adhesive plates, etc.) Modular furniture – Gispen
  • Consider designing multi-functional products that can adapt to the user’s development (physical and cultural). Care practical multifunctional product – Stokke
  • [Seats] Design modular and on-site upgradable seats, allowing the user to substitute (with standard tools) fixed feet with wheels and/or fixed components to adjustable ones. Modular furniture – Gispen; Let it be modular sofa – Poltrona Frau; Vimle sofa – Ikea
  • [Desks] Design modular and on-site upgradable desks, allowing the user to add (with standard tools) drawers, change drawer’s typology, add inner cabling cabinets, etc.
  • [Storage] Design modular and on-site upgradable storage, allowing the user to add (with standard tools) shells, change drawer’s typology, etc.
  • Co-design furniture and connection platforms such as flooring, ceilings and walls.
  • Include multiple connection possibilities on tables and storages, e.g. electricity cables, joints to combine table surfaces, etc.
  • Provide website and/or app with instructions and tools to enable maintenance and repair by the user, such as periodic maintenance procedures, e.g. cleaning of hard surfaces (desk, storage), inspection, repair and lubrification (height-adjustable mechanism for office chairs or wheels).
  • [Desks] If related to tech devices, enable upgrading and design reconfigurable desks according to forecastable technology development, e.g. Wi-Fi system/wireless system of automated desks.
  • Simplify the furniture as much as possible, e.g. by reducing the number of components.
  • Avoid weak connections, especially movable mechanisms such as fasteners joints between plastic components in chairs; use certified connectors (e.g. by CE).
  • Design resistant furniture to prevent damage: use high resistant materials for sensitive parts, e.g. edges of tables and cabinets, office seat back joints Navy Chair – Emeco
  • Use highly resistant materials for handles, hinges and sliding mechanisms of drawers and storage furniture doors.
  • [Storage] If using glass doors, consider stratified glass.
  • [Desks] Avoid that table edges get quickly worn off.
  • Facilitate the access for the removal of parts and components (such as expensive mechanisms) that can be remanufactured, e.g. use reversible connections or two-way snap-fits without glue within assemblies; use removable cover protection to interchange components between products by differentiating structural parts from surface ones. Remanufacture furniture – Davies Office
  • Facilitate the access for the removal of parts (especially expensive mechanisms) that can be re-used, such as chair (e.g. seats, wheels, tripod legs, covers) and storage locker components (e.g. hinges, metal, rubber feet, handles, locks).
  • Use reversible connections or two-way snap-fits (avoiding whenever possible gluing in assembling processes), use removable cover protection to interchange components among objects (differentiate structure and surface).
  • Facilitate disassembly, especially for parts that are easy to wear out such as task chair wheels and back, upholstery and desk surfaces, by using reversible connections or two-way snap-fits system. Mirra chair – Herman Miller
  • Facilitate the replacement of external parts, such as castors, sofa covers (clothes), upholstered chair. Ara Chair – Orangebox
  • [Desks] Facilitate the disassembly of tabletops from the supporting structure/legs. Lisabo table – Ikea
  • [Seats] Facilitate the dismantling and substitution of upholstery/foam/ fabrics/leather of seats.
  • Design modular and interchangeable parts and components. Modular furniture – Gispen
  • Design standard parts and components that can be replaced, improve durability and facilitate easy repair, e.g. handles, screws, feet, shelves for storage lockers; wheels, bearings, screws, bolts, felt pads pillows, covers for chairs; pillows, felt, pads, feet for sofas.
  • Increase the resistance of easy to wear-out or easy to damage parts by using more resistant materials.
  • Increase the resistance of easy to wear-out or easy to damage parts by using protective removable layers, e.g. table edges, seat upholstery and fabrics, seat wheels, highadjustable mechanisms, armrest, table surfaces, storage shells; and by avoiding painting layers sensible to scratches.
  • Foresee re-use of auxiliary parts, e.g. desktop divider as shelves, the protective cover of mechanisms as sofa pillows, writing board of conference chairs. Remanufacture furniture – Davies Office
  • Incorporate packaging that can be re-used by the manufacturer, e.g. by using packaging that can adapt to different products or by using foldable and more resistant packaging materials.
  • Incorporate collapsible packaging.
  • Design structural parts that can be easily separated from external parts, such as mechanisms and their protection parts, bookcases and doors.
  • [Seats] Facilitate the substitution of furniture upholstery fabrics/leather by designing easy removable slipcovers.
  • Facilitate the substitution of movable parts, such as castors of furniture products, arm/ backrest of chairs and height-adjustable mechanisms.
  • Plan adequate tolerance or dimensioning at weak points, such as connection points or most used parts (e.g. storage corner joints, hinge and chair casters).
  • Avoid self-tapping screws that can be screwed and unscrewed only a few times.
  • Consider material abundance in points which are subject to wear and tear, e.g. abrasion of castors.
  • Use a larger amount of finishing/coating materials on surfaces that tend to deteriorate rapidly (e.g. table or storage edges).
  • Design products with integrated functions, e.g. chairs that allow different positions, storage furniture with integrated locker.
  • Design product-service systems for shared use.
  • [Storage] Consider storage furniture that is adaptable for different purposes, such as storage of personal belongings/eating (e.g. heating/cooling).
  • [Desks] Consider tables that are adaptable/customizable (e.g. exchangeable drawers for personal belongings).
REDUCE MATERIAL CONSUMPTION OF FURNITURE
  • Dematerialize the furniture or some of its parts, such as handle systems in store component shapes with handle as “hole” embodied in locker door shape. Ripple table – Layer Design
  • Design suitable dimensions for structure parts, e.g. reduce the thickness of components according to material properties, resistance requirements and processing technology.
  • Apply 3D printing in furniture, e.g. for chair backrest and handles.
  • Avoid over-dimensioning by analysing the function, standard references and typical use of the furniture.
  • Use reinforcing structures such as ribbed/honeycombed (e.g. for tabletop) structures or T-sections, hollow shapes (for rotationally moulded plastics and die-cast metals) to improve stiffness and avoid distortions. Setu chair – Herman Miller
  • Take material reduction and structural reinforcement, such as rib reinforcements to reduce materials, into consideration especially regarding storage doors or desks. Ripple table – Layer Design
  • Avoid parts or components which are not strictly functional. Eco Monomateric wooden chair – Futureproof
  • Provide storage cabinets options with reduced components, e.g. with or without doors.
  • Prefer production processes that minimise scraps and waste, such as bent plywood instead of massive wood. Eco Monomateric wooden chair – Futureproof
  • Design tabletop, storage shelves and sides taking into consideration modularity and standardization to avoid leftovers.
  • Select processing technology according to material properties and product requirements, such as die casting instead of moulding (e.g. for chair legs, etc.).
  • Avoid waste in injection moulding plastic parts caused by excessive wall thickness.
  • Apply 3D printing technologies when possible, e.g. for handles. From plastic waste to furniture with 3D printing – The New Raw
  • Use packaging material only where it is strictly necessary, e.g. protect with consistent packaging fragile parts of the furniture, such as glass tabletop, handles in locker storage, etc.
  • Design for the most efficient use of materials needed for maintenance, such as self-cleaning materials, materials that avoid/reduce the need of cleaning agents (e.g. water, soap, detergent), water repellent materials.
FURNITURE MATERIALS LIFE EXTENSION
  • Facilitate and foresee closed-loop recycling of materials within components with lower aesthetic/formal requirements.
  • Facilitate recycling of highly structural materials (e.g. wheels) into components with lower mechanic requirements (e.g. seat back).
  • Facilitate recycling of massive wood into chipboard.
  • Facilitate recycling of visible components into non-visible filling materials (e.g. chair or sofa pillows).
  • Facilitate and foresee closed-loop recycling of materials within components with lower mechanical requirements.
  • Avoid the use of contaminant materials, such as glued paper labels on the furniture and glued natural fibres.
  • Prefer label information that could be embedded in the injection process.
  • Avoid painting or coating on polymers (e.g. for chair seat, arms, back) in favor of colored polymers.
  • Select materials that recover more easily the original material characteristics after recycling.       
  • Adopt ribbed structures (or similar) to improve the stiffness of polymers instead of using reinforcing fibres, e.g. Nylon reinforced with glass fibres (PA-GF) as often involved in office chairs [chair].
  • Prefer thermoplastic polymers instead of thermosetting.
  • Avoid composite materials such as sandwich laminates (e.g. for tables or storage shelves) or fiber-based components (e.g. for chairs) in favor of monomaterial solutions (metals or polymers).
  • Avoid the use of fireproof additives by selecting thermoplastics that resist to high temperatures.
  • Design furniture considering the existing recycling systems, e.g. urban waste collection system.
  • Reduce product dimension and foresee easy stocking of disposed furniture products.
  • Facilitate the disassembly of furniture junctions. Lisabo table – Ikea
  • Design chair, tables and storage shapes according to stoking standards.
  • Design stackable chairs, foldable tables or compactable storage.
  • Facilitate the design of components for easy stocking, e.g. tabletops, shelves.
  • Reduce the weight of the furniture components/materials.
  • Design furniture that is able and easy to be compressed when disposed.
  • Inform the user about how the furniture or its parts can be disposed of.
  • Codify materials according to their type. Mirra chair – Hermann Miller
  • Add information on material age, conducted recycling processes and additives use.
  • Indicate the presence of toxic residues and contaminant materials.
  • Apply identification codes in places visible during the disassembly, e.g. near joints, places not subjected to wear out, on flat surfaces.
  • Use international standard identification systems, such as SPI codes, especially when open-loop recycling may occur.
  • Use one single material on a furniture product or one single material to produce each one of its parts, if possible (mono-material strategy). CAB Chair System – Cassina; Celle office armchair by Hermann Miller
  • Avoid the use of contaminant materials, such as adhesives for labels.
  • If necessary, facilitate the removal of contaminant materials, such as water-based adhesives for labels.
  • Use compatible materials that could be recycled together with the furniture or its subassembly.
  • Use joints made of the same or with compatible materials to the parts that need to be joined. Facilitate the sorting process in wood recycling.
  • Facilitate the design of components for easy stocking, e.g. tabletops, shelves.
  • [Desks] Facilitate the separation of bolts, nuts, screws and other small parts that are made of non-compatible materials, e.g. metal joints over plastic components.
  • [Seats] Consider castors with cores made of one material and that enable the easy disassembly of the outer rubber part.
REDUCE TOXICITY OF THE FURNITURE SYSTEM
  • Avoid the use of toxic and harmful materials for furniture products, such as toxic paintings, additives, adhesives or refinements for table-tops/edges, storage surfaces or chair joints. Customized organic furniture – EcoBalanza
  • Prefer water-based varnishing, additives, adhesives or refinements for all components of furniture. Renewable and biodegeable material furniture – Woodly
  • Avoid the use of additives and adhesives causing toxic and harmful emissions. Renewable and biodegeable material furniture – Woodly
  • Avoid toxic and harmful finishing processes/materials, such us formaldehyde and chromium plating.
  • Minimise the dispersion of toxic and harmful residues during furniture’s use, such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) emissions.
  • [Seats] Use low emission polyurethane or latex foam padding materials.
  • [Seats] Select Polyurethane foam complying with the requirements for VOC emissions.
  • Select surface material and finishing processes for furniture that avoid the need of toxic detergent for maintenance, such as use stainless steel with semi-gloss treatment.
  • Select energy resources that minimise toxic/harmful emissions during pre-production and production, such as electricity coming from renewable sources instead of fossil fuels.
  • Select energy resources that minimise toxic/harmful emissions during distribution, such as electric vehicles.
  • Select energy resources that minimise toxic/harmful emissions in disposal treatments, e.g. avoid furniture moving mechanisms with heavy metals batteries.
REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE FURNITURE SYSTEM
  • Design for local-focused resources supply, such as energy generated by local renewable systems (e.g. photovoltaic systems, wind turbines, geothermal systems, hydroelectric systems).
  • Design for energy consumption efficiency, such as planning a production process shared by different furniture components.
  • Prefer materials with low energy consumption in pre-production and production, e.g. recycled aluminium instead of primary aluminium.
  • Prefer packaging processing technologies with low energy consumption levels.
  • Favour mechanical devices instead of electric powered devices, e.g. for adjustable office seats. iRock power generating rocking chair – Micasa Lab
  • Prefer cleaning processes that avoid energy consuming equipment.
  • Avoid internet-based manual and instruction for furniture assembling, maintenance, etc.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION/BIOCOMPATIBILITY FOR FURNITURE
  • Select renewable/non exhaustible energy resources.
  • Select small scale local energy resources.
DESIGN FOR FURNITURE DISASSEMBLY
  • Prioritize the disassembly of toxic and dangerous components or materials.
  • Prioritize the disassembly of components or materials with higher economic value, such as metal mechanism or wood panel. Office chairs – Wilkhahn
  • Prioritize the disassembly of more easily damageable or consumable components and materials, such as table top, book shelves, etc. Mirra chair – Herman Miller
  • Prefer modular structures, such as modular closet, sofa, etc. Vimle sofa – Ikea
  • Construct the product into easily separable and manipulatable sub-assemblies, such as bookshelves/wardrobe with inner panels. Ara Chair – Orangebox
  • Facilitate the removal of other components like handle.
  • Minimise the overall dimensions of furniture.
  • Minimise the quantity of different components.
  • Minimise hierarchically dependent connections among components, such as the mechanisms of task chair.
  • Co-design cutting or breaking paths with appropriate separation technologies for separating incompatible materials.
  • Suggest to the users how and with what device they could separate incompatible materials.
  • Provide information to the user together with the furniture about the characteristics of crushing separation, such as providing video resources online (website, app).

CLOTHING PRODUCT ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

MINIMISING MATERIALS CONSUMPTION OF CLOTHING PRODUCTS
  • Reduce the thicknesses of clothes components where not necessary, e.g. use air to fill shoes’ soles or make fabric thickness variable according to heating needs of different parts of the body
  • Use ribbed structures to improve structures stiffness, such as knitwear weaves that reduce the need of elastic polymer or ribbed shoe soles.
  • Select processes that reduce scraps and discarded materials during production, such as 3D printing and CNC (Computer Numerical Control) cutting Zero waste pullover – Son of a tailor
  • Design cutting paths to minimise scraps and waste during clothes production, e.g. use software that optimise the use of available material Zero waste pullover – Son of a tailor; Custom-built jeans – Unspun
  • Try to incorporate the tiniest pieces of off-cut fabrics in the design of the product as a decoration part or use those parts as padding
  • When possible, prefer solid colour instead of patterns, stripes and checks fabrics. 
  • Minimise or avoid clothes packaging when possible
  • Design multifunctional packaging, e.g. with handles to avoid single-use bags and/or coupled with information on website/app to avoid additional printed materials
  • Design the packaging as a part (to become a part) of the garment itself, such as reversable pockets
  • Design reusable packaging such as biodegradable bags to be used at home for waste collection.
  • Design systems that allow different consumption modes of materials according to different functioning conditions/needs, such as double-face clothing design in order to avoid new fibres consumption for different clothes.
MINIMISING ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN THE CLOTHING SYSTEM
  • Choose materials that do not need to be washed frequently, e.g., that are fluid-repellent Filium technology – Ably; Self-cleaning t-shirt – Threadsmiths
  • Prefer colors or textures that hide stains or dirt to reduce washing frequency.
  • Co-design systems that can benefit from the passive use of energies, e.g., washing/ironing tools based on shower steam or drying tools to maximize the outdoor drying processes.
  • Design systems or provides instructions about energy saving for washing to support users to save energy during washing and maintenance more in general , e.g., manual, app, website, label, QR-code.
  • Design with materials that can be washed either at low temperatures, with enzymes or using a mechanic system that doesn’t need electricity or fuel.
  • Design to enable the separate washing of just single easy-to-dirty parts of the clothes.
  • Design products with anti-crease fabrics to avoid/minimize ironing.
  • Co-design with washing machines companies a QR-code on the care label that enable the selection of most efficient washing method/cycle.
AVOID/MINIMISE RESOURCES TOXICITY AND HARMFULNESS OF CLOTHING
  • Avoid the use of toxic and harmful materials for clothes components.
  • Avoid dyeing processes when possible, in particular heavy metals mordants and wetting agents. When necessary, select dyeing processes with the lowest toxicity and harmfulness potential
  • Avoid the use of additives and finishing materials for operations like desizing and scouring , e.g. fixing agents, pH regulators, wetting and dispersing agents. When necessary, select those without or with the lowest toxicity and harmfulness potential Plant-based fibres – Flavia Aranha; AirDye technology – Debs textile corporation
  • For the finishing of knitwear, replace the exhaust dyeing processes by continuous processes 
  • Use a one-step bleaching with high add-on impregnation
  • Design to avoid the dispersion of toxic and harmful residues during use and disposal, e.g. prevent the dispersion of microplastics during washing or avoid clothes that are processed using mercury or chromium
  • Select the least hazardous chemical suitable for use, e.g. replacement of chemicals with enzymes for desizing and scouring of textiles
  • Select energy resources that minimise toxic/harmful emissions during pre-production and production, such as shifting from fossil fuels to solar energy to run machineries, e.g. sewing machines in textile factories.
  • For the finishing of knitwear, replace the exhaust dyeing processes by continuous processes.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION/BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF CLOTHING
CLOTHES USE EXTENSION / INTENSIFICATION
  • Reduce the number of clothes parts
  • Simplify the clothes as much as possible
  • Avoid weak connections, such as Velcro for shoes.
  • Facilitate the replacement of easy to wear out parts of clothes, such as shirt collar and cuffs, by easing their disassembly and providing additional parts.
  • Facilitate the reparation of single parts of the product, such as using buttons instead of zippers. La Sportiva 
  • Facilitate the access to parts to simplify cleaning, avoiding slots and narrow holes, e.g. in shoe soles.
  • Design for maintenance that can be done by the user at home or at work.
  • Provide a website and/or an app with suggestions and tools to enable the user to carry-out maintenance procedures, such as dedicated brushes to clean narrow holes, air-based cleaning tools.
  • Design to reduce maintenance operations/procedures, e.g. by using repellent fabrics or applying finishing on fabrics to repel fluids and dirt.
  • Design modular and reconfigurable clothes that can adapt to different spaces/climatic conditions, such as multilayer jackets and/or pants that enable the placement of internal layers for colder environments and/or an external waterproof layer for the rainy season. Lemuria
  • Design reconfigurable clothes that can adapt to changes in bodies sizes, such as elastic wrist and ankles adjustments for trousers, adjustable elastic embedded belt, pants extensions, e.g. by using appropriate zippers. 
  • Design clothes for on-site adaptation, by easing their disassembly and providing additional parts, such as different shirt collar and cuff colours, shoelaces, etc.
  • Provide a website and/or an app and tools to enable the user to upgrade/adapt the clothes.
  • Facilitate the access to and the removal of clothes parts and components that can be re-used, e.g. by using buttons instead of sewing, preferring removable two-way clips.
  • Design clothes that can adapt to different ways of re-use.
  • Design modular and interchangeable clothes parts and components, such as shirt collar and cuffs.
  • Design/use standard parts and components, such as buttons, zippers, etc..
  • Improve the resistance of easy to wear out or easy to damage parts such as shirt collar and cuffs.
  • Design packaging that can be re-used, e.g. shoebox that can be used as a storage container.
  • Design for ‘second use’, e.g. by facilitating the reparation/replacement of single parts of the product by using buttons instead of zippers, for example.
  • Facilitate the removal and replacement of easy to wear out parts.
  • Design structural parts that can be easily separated from external/visible parts, e.g. removable padding for jackets.
  • Facilitate the access to parts to be remanufactured.
  • Increase the amount of material used on clothes parts more subject to deterioration.
  • Increase the amount of material used on surfaces that tend to rapidly deteriorate, e.g. finishing/coating materials.
EXTENDING THE LIFESPAN OF CLOTHING MATERIALS
  • Facilitate and foresee the recycling of materials into clothes components with lower aesthetic/formal requirements, such as recycling jacket coating fibres into jacket paddings. Renew program – Eileen fisher; Timberland
  • Facilitate and foresee the recycling of materials into components with lower mechanical requirements, such as recycling external fabric into pockets.
  • Facilitate and foresee energy recovery from materials through environmentally safe combustion.
  • Select materials that recover more easily their original performance characteristics after recycling.
  • Adopt ribbed structures (or similar) to improve the stiffness of polymers instead of using reinforcing fibres.
  • Prefer thermoplastic polymers instead of thermosetting.
  • Avoid composite materials (if necessary, choose those with the most efficient recycling technologies).
  • Avoid the use of fireproof additives by selecting thermoplastics that resist to high temperatures.
  • Design clothes considering how materials will be recycled for the production of a new garment.
  • Design clothes considering the existing (third parties) recycling systems, e.g. provide instructions about recycling specifications and different fabrics separation.
  • Design for easy stocking of disposed clothing products, e.g. using vacuum-sealed packaging for collection.
  • Inform users about how to dispose clothes or their parts.
  • Codify materials according to their type.
  • Add information on material age, conducted recycling processes and additives used.
  • Indicate the presence of toxic residues and contaminant materials.
  • Apply identification codes in visible places.
  • Use standard identification systems, especially when open loop recycling may occur.
  • Use one single material within a clothing product or part, if possible, i.e. mono-material strategy.
  • Use compatible materials that could be recycled together within the garment or a sub-assembly, designing mono-fabric clothes or sub-assemblies made of the same fibres.
  • Integrate functions to minimise the quantity of materials and components to be used, e.g. integrate zipper with hood or combine sleeves and coat.
  • Use the same materials but processed with different technologies in sandwich structures of clothes.
  • Facilitate the separation of non-compatible materials for recycling or energy recovery trough combustion, e.g. through reversible sewing junctions or/and pre-determined paths for tearing.
  • Avoid unnecessary surface finishing, such as printing or patches made of different fabrics Rapanui
  • Avoid the use of contaminant materials.
  • Facilitate the removal of contaminant materials.
  • Use surface treatments compatible with the (treated) material.
  • Avoid adhesives; if needed, prefer those which are compatible with the material to be recycled Wear2go
  • Prefer internal polymers dying rather than surface painting.
  • Use a higher quantity of material in the most overuse-affected parts.
FACILITATE CLOTHES DISASSEMBLY
  • Prioritize the disassembly of components or materials with higher economic value, such as decorations made with precious fabrics or metals.
  • Prioritize the disassembly of more easily damageable or consumable components and materials, such as jackets covering, shoes soles or movable mechanisms like buttons and zippers.
  • Prefer modular structures, such as skirts or trousers with zipped extension.
  • Construct the product into easily separable and manipulatable sub-assemblies, such as jackets with waterproof cover connected to the internal warm layer by buttons or zippers Sugar & Spice modular shoes
  • Facilitate the removal of other components like zippers and buttons.
  • Minimise the overall dimensions of clothing item.
  • Minimise the quantity of different fabrics.
  • Minimise hierarchically dependent connections among components, such as different layers in shoe soles or jacket.
  • Co-design cutting or breaking paths with appropriate separation technologies for separating incompatible materials. Patagonia
  • Suggest to the users how and with what device they could separate incompatible materials.
  • Inform users about how to dispose clothes or their parts.
  • Provide information to the user together with the clothes about the characteristics of crushing separation, such as providing video resources online (website, app).
  • Use materials that are easily separable after being crushed, such as fibres with different density, e.g. cotton and polyester or EVA and PU for shoe soles Voronoi Runners
  • Use additional parts that are easily separable after crushing of materials.

SOSTENIBILITA' AMBIENTALE DI PRODOTTO

MINIMIZZARE IL CONSUMO DEI MATERIALI
  • Usare supporti digitali riconfigurabili
  • Progettare sistemi a consumo variabile di materiali per diverse esigenze di funzionamento Pulsante dello sciacquone duetto
  • Usare sensori per l’adeguamento dei consumi di materiali alle esigenze di funzionamento lavastoviglie con fuzzy logic
  • Far si che lo stato di default sia quello a minor consumo di materiali
  • Minimizzare i consumi di materiali di cartoleria e di imballaggi
  • Usare strumenti informatici per la progettazione, modellizzazione e la prototipazione Modulare su cui costruire il proprio veicolo elettrico
  • Usare strumenti informatici per l’archiviazione, la comunicazione scritta e le presentazioni
MINIMIZZARE IL CONSUMO DI ENERGIA
  • Scegliere i materiali a minor intensità energetica Piatti biodegradabili
  • Scegliere le tecnologie di lavorazione dei materiali a minor consumo energetico Piatti biodegradabili
  • Usare attrezzature e apparecchi produttivi efficienti
  • Usare il calore disperso dai processi per il preriscaldamento di alcuni flussi di determinati processi
  • Usare sistemi di regolazione flessibile della velocità degli elementi di funzionamento delle pompe e di altri motori
  • Utilizzare sistemi di spegnimento intelligente delle apparecchiature
  • Dimensionare in maniera ottimale i motori
  • Facilitare la manutenzione dei motori
  • Definire accuratamente le tolleranze
  • Ottimizzare i volumi di acquisto dei lotti
  • Ottimizzare i sistemi di controllo dell’inventario
  • Ottimizzare i sistemi e minimizzare i pesi in tutte le forme di trasferimenti di materiali e semilavorati
  • Usare sistemi efficienti di riscaldamento, areazione e illuminazione degli edifici
  • Usare supporti digitali riconfigurabili
  • Progettare sistemi a consumo variabile di risorse per diverse esigenze di funzionamento
  • Usare sensori per l’adeguamento dei consumi alle esigenze di funzionamento Luxmate daylight
  • Incorporare nei prodotti meccanismi per l’autospegnimento Citysense; Radio sbc sx 390 con sensore di prossimita
  • Far sì che lo stato di default sia quello a minor consumo energetico
  • Usare efficienti sistemi di riscaldamento, aerazione e illuminazione nei luoghi di lavoro
  • Usare strumenti di telecomunicazione per attività a distanza
MINIMIZZARE LA TOSSICITÀ'/NOCIVITÀ' DELLE RISORSE
OTTIMIZZARE LA RINNOVABILITÀ E LA BIO-COMPATIBILITÀ DELLE RISORSE
OTTIMIZZAZIONE DELLA VITA DEI PRODOTTI - Estendere la durata
  • Progettare e facilitare la rimozione e la sostituzione delle parti a più facile usura
  • Progettare le parti strutturali separabili da quelle in vista
  • Facilitare l’accessibilità alle parti da rilavorare
  • Prevedere tolleranze adeguate per i punti più soggetti ad usura
  • Progettare una sovrabbondanza di materiale per la rifinitura di alcune superfici deteriorabili
OTTIMIZZAZIONE DELLA VITA DEI PRODOTTI - Intensificare l'uso
ESTENSIONE DELLA VITA DEI MATERIALI
  • Predisporre e facilitare il riciclo di materiali in componenti con requisiti meccanici inferiori
  • Predisporre e facilitare il riciclo di materiali in componenti con requisiti estetici inferiori
  • Predisporre e facilitare il recupero per combustione del contenuto energetico dei materiali
  • Scegliere quei materiali che recuperano più facilmente le caratteristiche prestazionali di origine Mirandolina, sedia in alluminio
  • Evitare i compositi e, se necessario, scegliere quelli a più efficiente tecnologia di riciclo
  • Adottare le nervature e altri accorgimenti geometrici per accrescere la rigidità dei polimeri, anziché usare le fibre di rinforzo
  • Scegliere preferibilmente i polimeri termoplastici, rispetto ai termoindurenti
  • Evitare gli additivi ignifughi, usando termoplastiche resistenti alle temperature d’uso
  • Progettare in relazione al tipo di uso previsto per il materiale una volta riciclato
  • Evitare trattamenti superficiali non necessari Rapanui
  • Evitare contaminanti difficilmente rimovibili
  • Facilitare la rimozione dei contaminanti
  • Usare trattamenti superficiali compatibili col materiale sottostante
  • Evitare gli adesivi; se sono necessari scegliere quelli compatibili col materiale da riciclare Wear2go
  • Optare per la colorazione dei polimeri piuttosto che per la loro verniciatura
  • Evitare processi di stampa contaminanti
  • Evitare di aggiungere materiali per segnare e codificare
  • Segnare e codificare i componenti direttamente da stampo
  • Codificare i polimeri mediante laser
  • Usare materiali degradabili rispetto all’ambiente di dismissione Leaf, piatti biodegradabili
  • Evitare di inserire materiali non biodegradabili in prodotti per il compostaggio
  • Facilitare la separazione dei materiali non biodegradabili
  • Usare materiali con alto potere calorifico in prodotti da incenerire
  • Evitare materiali che producono sostanze pericolose nell’incenerimento
  • Evitare additivi che producono sostanze pericolose nella combustione
  • Facilitare la separazione dei materiali che rendono inefficiente la combustione
FACILITARE IL DISASSEMBLAGGIO
  • Evitare parti e componenti difficili da movimentare
  • Evitare parti asimmetriche non significative
  • Progettare superfici d’appoggio e feature per l’afferraggio di tipo standardizzato
  • Progettare superfici di afferraggio vicine al centro di gravità
  • Fare in modo che sia possibile e facile il centraggio sulla base del componente
  • Evitare sistemi di fissaggio che richiedano, per l’apertura, l’intervento contemporaneo in più punti di giunzione
  • Minimizzare il numero di fastener
  • Minimizzare i tipi di fastener che richiedano utensili diversi per essere rimossi
  • Evitare fastener difficili da movimentare
  • Progettare accessibili e riconoscibili vie per le operazioni di smontaggio
  • Progettare per una buona accessibilità e ispezionabilità dei punti di separazione
  • Usare snap-fit a due vie
  • Usare snap-fit apribili con un utensile facilmente reperibile Alessi record, orologio da polso, achille castiglioni e max huber
  • Usare snap-fit apribili solo con attrezzature speciali, qualora fosse rischiosa una apertura inavvertita delle parti
  • Usare viti con teste esterne esagonali
  • Oltrepassare la parte con la vite e serrarla con un dado o una clip riposizionabile
  • Usare viti compatibili ai materiali avvitati per evitare la loro estrazione, se si vuole riciclare il materiale
  • Usare viti autofilettanti in componenti polimerici, evitando l’aggiunta di inserti metallici Viti di fissaggio in poliuretano smp
  • Evitare i rivetti su materiali incompatibili
  • Evitare sistemi a pressione su materiali incompatibili
  • Evitare materiale aggiuntivo per la saldatura
  • Saldare con materiale d’apporto compatibile con le parti
  • Prediligere la saldatura a ultrasuoni e a vibrazioni per i termoplastici
  • Evitare l’incollaggio con adesivi
  • Usare adesivi facilmente eliminabili
  • Prevedere aree di rottura predeterminate per l’eliminazione tramite pressione o leva degli inserti incompatibili Patagonia
  • Prevedere aree di rottura che consentano la rimozione delle borchie e dei punzoni
  • Prevedere zone sottili, che permettano di spingere fuori il pezzo metallico rompendo la superficie
  • Predeterminare percorsi di taglio o frattura che passino per le giunzioni di materiali incompatibili Vertech 75, scarpone da sci smontabile con taglio ad acqua
  • Usare elementi di giunzione che possano essere distrutti fisicamente o chimicamente Serbatoio che facilita la sua rimozione, fiat
  • Usare materiali che possano essere facilmente separati una volta frantumati
  • Usare inserti che possano essere facilmente separati una volta frantumati i materiali Voronoi runners
  • Rendere i punti di rottura facilmente accessibili e identificabili
  • Descrivere le modalità di rottura, indicandole sul prodotto